UPnP IGD profile The UPnP Internet Gateway Device (IGD) profile is implemented on many routers and broadband cable or ADSL modems. The profile has a few subprofiles.
Many of these profiles are nothing more than containers for one or more other subprofiles. When it comes to security there are a few profiles that are interesting:. LANHostConfigManagement. WANIPConnection/WANPPPConnection The LANHostConfigManagement profile allows a program to query and possibly set various configuration parameters for, for example, DNS, DHCP and others.
The WANIPConnection and WANPPPConnection profiles allow programs to adapt firewall rules, amongst other things. LANHostConfigManagement The LANHostConfigManagement profile enables programs to query and set local settings of a router, such as DNS and DHCP. The profile defines a few methods that are interesting methods for an attacker:. SetDNSServer. DeleteDNSServer.
SetIPRouter. DeleteIPRouter These methods should allow an attacker to completely rewire a router networkwise. Accordig to the standard they are required to implement. However, in practice these methods are either not implemented, return an error when they are invoked or UPnP and DNS/DHCP/routing are not coupled to the UPnP system. It never hurts to check though. WANIPConnection/WANPPPConnection Programs such as Live Messenger, Windows remote assistance, X-Box live, various networked consoles and games and quite a few Bittorrent clients use actions that are defined in the IGD subprofiles WANPPPConnection (ADSL modems) and WANIPConnection (IP routers) to make it easier to use the network. With these actions the IGD profile works around a fundamental problem of Network Address Translation (NAT): you can't use a predefined port easily anymore if you use NAT.
If more than one program needs that port, unless you use something like a proxy. To give an example, say that Live Messenger would have a fixed port for file transfers. If you are behind NAT with a few people, who all want to transfer files with Live Messenger at the same time you have a problem.
This is why many programs dynamically allocate a port to avoid conflicts with other programs. To achieve this the programs make use of the following actions that are available in the UPnP IGD profile:. AddPortMapping:: adds a portmapping to your firewall configuration.
DeletePortMapping:: removes an existing portmapping These actions are implemented as SOAP requests, as explained elsewhere. A well behaved program first asks for a portmapping and deletes the portmapping when it is not needed anymore. Many UPnP stacks have only been tested with programs that behave well, so many bugs go unnoticed. The rest of this page explains where and why the software goes wrong. AddPortMapping The AddPortMapping SOAP command is the command with which a client on a network can request that the firewall opens a specific port and forwards it to the client. The parameters for the command are:.
NewRemoteHost. NewExternalPort. NewProtocol.
NewInternalPort. NewInternalClient. NewEnabled. NewPortMappingDescription. NewLeaseDuration The NewRemoteHost parameter can be used to restrict the port mapping for just one external host, but in practice is never used.
The NewExternalPort parameter is used to specify the TCP or UDP port on the WAN side of the router which should be forwarded. This parameter cannot be left empty, otherwise an error is returned, because the command does not make any sense anymore. The NewProtocol parameter can take two values: UDP or TCP. The NewInternalPort parameter specifies the port on a client machine to which all traffic coming in on NewExternalPort for the protocol specified by NewProtocol should be forwarded to. The NewInternalClient parameter sets the client machine that traffic should be sent to.
The NewEnabled parameter tells the router if the portmapping should be enabled. In practice this is always set to True.
The NewPortMappingDescription parameter is a human readable string that describes the connection. It is used in sorme web interfaces of routers so the user can see which program is using what port. The last parameter is NewLeaseDuration which tells the router how long the portmapping should be active.
Since most programs don't know this in advance, it is often set to 0, which means 'unlimited'. DeletePortMapping The DeletePortMapping SOAP command takes three parameters:. NewRemoteHost. NewExternalPort.
NewProtocol The three parameters describe a portmapping that should be deleted. The values of the parameters are the same as for the AddPortMapping command.
Protocol dumbness The specifications for the IGD profile allow any control point ot use AddPortMapping to forward ports to other machines on the LAN. While it can be convenient, it is really easy this way to open file servers, printers and other machines/devices to the outside world. A fairly solution would be to not allow a control point to ask for port forwards for another IP address except its own. This will make the device not UPnP IGD compatible (strictly speaking), but I am fairly sure that every application/device that depends on port forwards will not break, since these applications/devices only ask for port forwards to themselves. Common Errors In many implementations the error checking has not been properly implemented. The parameters in the AddPortMapping request are often not checked to see if the values in there actually make sense. To make it extra interesting the program that processes these requests is nearly always running with full system privileges, especially on the Linux based routers.
Full system privileges are necessary to modify the firewalling rules that are active on the system. This turns a buggy UPnP implementation (most of them) into a ticking digital time bomb. Involuntary onion routing/port redirection Some stacks don't check if the NewInternalClient parameter is actually an IP address on the LAN. Those stacks make it possible to specify a routable IP address instead of a private LAN address. The firewall on the router will perform NAT on the incoming packets for the specified port and protocol and send it to whatever NewInternalClient specified. If this is an external IP address which is not on the LAN the packets will be sent there when someone connects to the router from the WAN. The router is effectively turned into an involuntary onion router, since nearly all devices have remote logging via syslog turned off by default and connections are hard to track this way.
Similarly, if a service, such as a website or mailserver, is deployed on a machine on the LAN, with a UPnP enabled router in front, with a forward directly to that service, it might be possible to first delete that forward and then redirect the port to another server with a fake mailserver or website. In some devices it is possible to make the internal webserver of the router itself available to the outside world. If the default user and password are still there (which is quite often the case) this gives someone complete remote control of the router itself. Executing shell commands on Linux based routers Other stacks do less checks, but simply assume that whatever is specified in NewInternalClient is always an IP address. The value of the parameter is extracted from the SOAP request and simply passed on to scripts that are running on the router. These programs are in case of a Linux based router running with complete root privileges.
Sometimes these programs are simple Bourne shell or bash scripts that execute a command, sometimes they are C programs that construct a shell command which is then executed using the system system call. One stack even goes as far as using a PHP-like website, which constructs shell scripts which are then executed. Using some simple shell script programming using backticks (an often used technique to assign the output of a program to a variable in normal shell scripts) it is possible to execute commands on the router. Depending on the stack there might be restrictions in place to limit the length of NewInternalClient the maximum length of a string representing an IPv4 address (4. 3 digits, + 3. 1 dot = 15 characters).
This still leaves enough room for commands to for example reboot a router. Other routers have a limit of 255 characters, or no limit at all. Solutions A very simple solution which will fix the above mentioned errors is: check the input.
In C there are a few standard functions available that can help to check the validity of the address to prevent bogus, like inetaton. Checks to see if the IP address specified in NewInternalClient is a valid LAN address should not be too hard to implement either.
The use of system in C programs to call iptables to make a port mapping is a bit silly if you realize that:. using system means spawning an extra process, and. there are perfectly valid alternatives such as libiptc that take care of a lot of troubles for you. Talking about libiptc, dear Broadcom, please respect the license of this library. Of course, all input should be checked, not just NewInternalClient in AddPortMapping, but all parameters for all SOAP functions.
Almostleft half of the Internet users across the globe use ADSL routers/modems to connect to the Internet. However, most of them are unaware of the fact that it has a serious vulnerability in it which can easily be exploited by anyone with a basic knowledge of computer. In this post, I will show you how to hack an Ethernet ADSL router by exploiting the common vulnerability that lies in it. Every router comes with a username and password using which it is possible to gain access to the router settings and configure the device. The vulnerability actually lies in the Default username and password that comes with the factory settings. Usually the routers come preconfigured from the Internet Service provider and hence the users do not bother to change the password later. This makes it possible for the attackers to gain unauthorized access to the router and modify its settings using a common set of default usernames and passwords.
Here is how you can do it. Before you proceed, you need the following tool in the process.
I have used Angry IP Scanner v3.0 beta-4. If you are using a different version, you need to Go to Options instead of Tools. Now click on Start. After a few minutes, the IP scanner will show a list of IPs with Port 80 open as shown in the below image:. Now copy any of the IP from the list, paste it in your browser’s address bar and hit enter.
A window will popup asking for username and password. Since most users do not change the passwords, it should most likely work with the default username and password. For most routers the default username-password pair will be admin-admin or admin-password. Just enter the username-password as specified above and hit enter. If you are lucky you should gain access to the router settings page where you can modify any of the router settings.
The settings page can vary from router to router. A sample router settings page is shown below: If you do not succeed to gain access, select another IP from the list and repeat the step-5. At least 1 out of 5 IPs will have a default password and hence you will surely be able to gain access. What can a Hacker do by Gaining Access to the Router Settings? By gaining access to the router settings, it is possible for an attacker to modify any of the router settings which results in the malfunction of the router.
As a result the target user’s computer will be disconnected from the Internet. In the worst case the attacker can copy the ISP login details from the router to steal the Internet connection or even hijack the DNS by pointing it at a rouge DNS server. If this happens, the victim will have to reconfigure/reset the router settings in order to bring it back to normal. The Verdict: If you are using an ADSL router to connect to the Internet, it is highly recommended that you immediately change your password to prevent any such attacks in the future. Who knows, you may be the next victim of such an attack. Since the configuration varies from router to router, you need to contact your ISP for details on how to change the password for your model. Dear srikanth, thanks for the post on adsl router hacking,it really worked even i got username and password of an i-baton modem,which is ayt kasaragod,kerala.i dont have internet at my home so i tried this in cafe after reaching home i used his username and password in my netgear router but it doesnt connectwhy is it???is it not possible?
The thing is i didnt disconnect his router from internet,will it be a reason for that????pls replyyyyyy eagerly waiting for your reply and other such posts yous sincerly Ashif. Srikanth says. Hello srikanth, thanks for the info. Generally, the broadband modems contains linux/mac OS. Those friends who says that they stole passwd and all, I dont think it would work because the MAC address will be different. However, logging into these virtual terminals doesnt suffice the role of a hacker. Hacking is not breaking into a computer or to steal passwds.
It is more about how this functions. A few challanges for readers.
Even logging into the virtual terminal using public ip how you people can really log into a person’s computer? How you can intrude with a firewall installed in a victim’s computer. Secondly, how can you keep yourself in stealth and evade.
Please remember more knowledge more resposibility. Never harm anyone’s computer. How will you feel if someone does to you Happy Hacking.
? palash. Srikanth says.
In the world most of users doesn't change there router's default password because most of them only know how to use without know how to configure the router itself. So that's the point. We can use that vulnerability to hack the routers. Requirements:. Port Scanner (I use zenmap in this tutorial).
Web Browser (I use Google Chrome). Drivers windows 7 64 bits. Internet Connection First of all I want to tell you why I use Zenmap because Nmap is the best friend of hackers and Zenmap is the graphical user interface of nmap.
Step by Step How to Randomly Hack a Home Routers 1. We should select an IP range. I have selected IP range that includes my public IP address. XXX.XXX.30.0-XXX.XXX.30.255 2.
Source Port 5353
Now let's scan for home routers. When you finished your scan, You can find IP addresses which has open ports such as http port(80), ftp port(21) and telnet port(23). I have found many IP addesses with port 80 is opened. So I stopped my scan. Now you can access these addesses using your web browser because http port is opened and we need to find whether the web page is router log in page.
If you see the alert error messages, it says TD-8817. So we can Google for it search ' TD-8817 default username and password' 5. Now let's try to access these IP addresses using default logins we just got on step 4. Default username and passwords are not same for every routers. With username: admin and password: admin, we can log in to the router administration page Attacker can do several harmful things when they can access router page, such as:. Redirecting DNS to malicious websites. Phishing Attacks.
etc Conclusion: Because most of users doesn't change their router passwords. It's a very bad habit because hackers can access your router form anyplace through internet when you are online and It is very harmful to you. So you must change your home router's password. Keep it on you mind. Hope you found it useful 🙂 Written By. Fred, I thought you where scam working with sourcecodeATMhackers.
It is not my fault since am trying not to fall in the hands of scammers again having been scammed 4 times. Thank your for help by replying to my mail when I wrote to confirm all you where saying is real before I contacted sourcecodeATMhackers for the Blank Card. I got it in 3 days.
Well I was wondering why I could withdraw only $1,700 daily instead of $6,000 daily which I was told. Anyways thank you and I have forgotten my past now which those heartless scammers parading their selves as hackers has caused me.
Port 5353 Udp
I recommend SourcecodeATMhackers for everyone who needs this blank card. Bust me on my mail [email protected] if you want to clear any doubt.
Lorretha Cairo is my name residing in France. Do you need to keep an eye on your spouse by gaining access to their emails?
As a parent,if you want to know what your kids do on a daily basis on social networks (This includes facebook, twitter,instagram, whatsapp, WeChat and others to make sure they’re not getting into trouble? Whatever it is,Ranging from Bank Jobs, Flipping cash, Criminal records, DMV, Taxes, Name it, i can get the job done. They a professional hacker with 10 Years+ experience.Contact me at [email protected] Contact them and Its done.Tell them i referred you. I’ve lost thousands to these fake hackers, please don’t fall for any of them, it’s taken me months to find a genuine hacker.
Thank you james! You and your crew are the bomb,the work you did on my wife’s accounts was simply phenomenal! And i aint talking about just facebook 😉 turns out he shows you valid proof before payment. Hey if you ever need to get into your spouse’s account, improve credit points, clear criminal records,tax, protection from spyware or simply have a score to settle or any other issues that need addressing, completely secure and fast!! Contact by [email protected]. My life was falling apart, I was being cheated and abused, I had to know the truth and needed proof.
I contacted a private investigator that linked me with [email protected] who took care of the hack job. He hacked her iphone,facebook,instagram, Whatsapp, twitter and email account. I got all I wanted as proof. I’m glad i had a proven truth she was cheating. Contact him for any hack job. Tell him i referred you to him, he will surely meet your hack need.
Contact: [email protected]. My life was falling apart, I was being cheated and abused, I had to know the truth and needed proof.
I contacted a private investigator that linked me with [email protected] who took care of the hack job. He hacked her iphone,facebook,instagram, Whatsapp, twitter and email account. I got all I wanted as proof.
I’m glad i had a proven truth she was cheating. Contact him for any hack job. Tell him i referred you to him, he will surely meet your hack need. Contact: [email protected] HE CAN HELP YOU.
These are very basic thing’s.My question is that is it possible use wifi without paying money i to enter differnet user’s name and password in isp settings creadtionl’s of some on else.We can acess others wifi settings using internet.Like randomly changing the our own ip to some thing else like e:g 123.212.121.121 first numbers are of isp so we can able to change last one’s and acess some one’s esle router in our area.And my question is that is there any way to acess client’s on any else router i mean.please watch pic’s. As a woman in the military for 8 years and counting.
Over the years, i have come to work with a lot of experts(hackers included). Recently i discovered there is a high demand for hackers and a lot of people have lost their hard earned money to self acclaimed hackers. Do not be fooled, no sane hacker will drop his contact on a forum or website. Since i am still in contact with few of the hackers, i have being able to introduce quite a number of people to genuine hackers. May i tell you i do not do it for free. Yes it comes with a fee because i am certain of their professionalism and efficiency. If you reach out to me (messenger: Wickr Me, Username; Qasa or my Gmail @ [email protected]), I promise to put a smile on your face just as i have done with others.
I am Tiffany Smith.